A novel modified electrode was fabricated by electrochemical derivatization of ZnHCF at a GNP adsorbed graphite wax composite electrode. The electrode developed was used for the determination of catechol. The voltammetric characteristics of the ZnHCF modified electrode in the presence of different alkali metal cations were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The modified electrode was also characterized by electrochemical impedance method (EIS). The electrode surface was characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which indicated that the ZnHCF particles were 20-30 nm in size and were dispersed uniformly on electrode surface. The modified electrode was also characterized by UV, XPS and FTIR. The modified electrodes presents good electro catalytic activity towards the oxidation of catechol and this electrode can be used for determination of catechol. A linear calibration curve is obtained in the range from 2.6X10-6 to 7.2X10-3M of catechol with a detection limit of 1X10-7M. Chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used for the determination of catechol from industrial waste water samples. The proposed modified electrode is simple to prepare and it shows fast response, good stability and reproducible results.

Alkaloids are the natural products that are produced during secondary metabolism in living organisms. Alkaloids are classified into different types. Among them Piperidine and pyrrolidine alkaloids form one of the largest groups of alkaloids. Piper nigrum (family Piperaceae) is one of the most commonly used spices and considered as ’’The King of spices’’. It contains major pungent alkaloid Piperine (1-peperoyl piperidine) which is known to possess many interesting pharmacological actions like antihypertensive, antiplatelets, antioxidant, antitumor, antiasthmatic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, antispasmodic, anxiolytic, hepato-protective, immuno-modulatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-thyroids, antiapoptotic, antimutagenic, anti-spermatogenic, anti-colon toxin, insecticidal and larvicidal activities etc. Along with the pharmacologically diversified activities, piperine can also act as bioavailability enhancer.

A simple, precise, rapid, sensitive and accurate Spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Doxazocin UV in pure form and its pharmaceutical formulations based on oxidative complexation reaction UV with 1.10- phenanthroline reagent at PH- 4 which is extractable at 510nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 1-6ml (10 to 60µg ml-1). The developed method was applied directly and easily for the analysis of the pharmaceutical formulations. RSD was found to be 0.5318 and recovery 99.77 % respectively. The method was completely validated and proven to be rugged. The interferences of the ingredients and excipients were not observed. The repeatability and the performance of the proved method were established by point and internal hypothesis and through recovery studies.

The objective of the study was to develop and validate easy, accurate and precise UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of Ertugliflozin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Spectroscopic method development for the estimation of Ertugliflozin was carried out using Shimadzu 1800 UV Visible Spectrophotometer with a pair of 10mm path length matched quartz cells. All the solutions were scanned in the range of 200-400nm. Zero order and first order derivative spectrum for both Method A and Method B Spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of Ertugliflozin in borate buffer pH 9 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The result of the study, absorbance of Ertugliflozin was measured at 220nm for the zero order. Zero order spectra were derivatized into first order. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 10-60 and 10-70µg/ml. The methods were validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and LOD and LOQ. The linearity concentration range was 10-60 and 10-70µg/ml and correlation coefficients (r2) were found to be > 0.999. The mean percentage recoveries were found to be in the range of 98-102%. The percentage relative standard deviation were found to be <2.0%. It can be concluded that the proposed method is recommended for routine analysis since it is rapid, simple, accurate and also sensitive and specific.

A simple and precise stability-indicating UV Spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for quantitative analysis of Dicloxacillin Sodium in the bulk drugs. Separation of the drug from its degradation products was achieved by UV spectrophotometric method using distilled water and scanned between 200 to 400 nm. The maximum absorbance was found to be at 273.60nm and found to be linear over the range 100-500 μg/ml with good correlation coefficient (r2) 0.999. The limits of detection and quantification were 6.9623 and 21.0980 μg/ml, respectively. Forced degradation studies were carried out on Dicloxacillin Sodium by subjecting it to stress conditions [hydrolysis (acid, base), oxidation, photolysis, and thermal degradation] and the degraded samples were further analyzed by using this method. Major degradation was observed in alkaline, thermal and oxidative conditions. Dicloxacillin Sodium was quite stable under the other stress conditions investigated. Thus the method proved to be stability indicating. The proposed method was found to be economical, selective and sensitive for the desirable range.