The method developed and validation was carried out by using isocratic mode with simple mobile phase preparation and separation was achieved on Phenomenex Luna C18 column (250 X 4.6mm, 5µm) using the mobile phase consisting of Methanol: 0.1% Ortho phosphoric acid in the ratio of (20:80 V/V). The mobile phase was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min and detection was done by UV detector at 223nm. The retention time was 3.06 min for Treprostinil. The linearity ranges for Treprostinil was 10-60µg/ml with correlation coefficient 0.9995. The LOD and LOQ values of Treprostinil were 0.691µg/ml and 2.093µg/ml obtained. This method can be applicable for routine analysis which shows good reproducible, precise and accurate of Treprostinil in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Diarrhea is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality on a global scale, leading to one billion disease episodes and approximately two million deaths each year among children under five years of age. Due to limitations associated with various treatments available, the need for developing newer drugs is imperative. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-diarrheal activity of the extracts of Castanea sativa seeds. The water and ethanolic extracts of C. sativa seeds were obtained by cold maceration method. Both extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and showed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, proteins, phenolic compounds and tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, lipids and fatty acids. The anti-diarrheal activity of water and ethanol extracts was evaluated at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, body weight against castor oil induced diarrhea in rats. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with standard drug, Loperamide (2mg/kg). The results revealed that both extracts at different doses produced significant anti-diarrheal effect. Water extract of C. sativa seeds at a dose of 400mg/kg showed the best anti-diarrheal activity among all the extracts. The anti-diarrheal activity of water and ethanolic extract of Castanea sativa seeds might be due to the presence of pharmacologically active substance such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins.

Bioenhancers are the compound use to hasten the bioavailability of many herbal as well as chemical drugs which have good pharmacological efficacy but have poor bioavailability. In recent research there are many herbal bioenhancers which have good bioenhancing property and they do not have any side effects and pharmacological effects itself. They become very useful for present morden therapy because they reduce treatment cost plus they haven’t any side effects, up to now research classified them in two different manners first according to their origin and second, according to their mechanism. This article gives the overview of the bioenhancers which are investigated in research till now and information about their origin, mechanism of action, number of bioenhancers their new formulations.

A synthesis of quinoline based imidazole derivatives 5a-l which have been synthesized by reaction of substituted derivatives 3a-f and substituted imidazole derivatives 4a-b in dimethyl form amide in presence of potassium bicarbonate. All the compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis. All synthesized imidazole based quinoline derivatives were tested for antimicrobial activity in opposition to gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and fungi. It was also evaluated for antitubercular activity.

The prevailing research was aimed at developing Zidovudine (AZT) -loaded Eudragit RS 100-based nanoparticles via Co-precipitation which could have sustained launch of the drug. Nanomedicine opens new healing avenues for attacking viral illnesses and for enhancing treatment success. Nanoparticulate-primarily based systems would possibly alternate the discharge kinetics of antivirals, growth their bioavailability, improve their efficacy, restriction unfavourable drug side effects and reduce treatment expenses. Moreover, they could permit the delivery of antiviral drugs to specific target sites and viral reservoirs in the body. Zidovudine (AZT) is normally used to deal with sufferers with AIDS, but it is confined with the aid of toxicity and high doses. The organized nanoparticles had been subjected to various assessment parameters inclusive of surface morphology, particle length distribution, drug loading, entrapment efficacy, scanning electron microscopy, in-vitro release studies, release kinetics and stability studies. The dimensions of the nanoparticles is 720.1nm. The entrapment efficacy changed into as much as 68.42% and drug loading became 26.25%. The drug release changed into up to 96.59% and release become extended as much as 24 hrs.

The present investigation is made to design, prepare Hydrogels containing Fluconazole with hyaluronic acid as a carrier, the hydrogels prepared are subjected to extensive rheological evaluation, drug content, pH, homogeneity, clarity, extrudability, Spreadability, antifungal activity and drug diffusion study across artificial membrane (cellophane membrane). The influence of permeation enhancers like Oleic Acid, Propylene Glycol, Capric Acid, Caprylic Acid, PEG-400 and PEG-600 on artificial membrane permeation are also studied. The major outcomes of the research are as follows. Hydrogels prepared using HA revealed a pH of 6.5 - 7.0. Since HA is a component of the human skin no hypersensitivity reactions can be expected when used as a carrier in preparation of topical hydrogels. Rheological evaluation studies indicated there is no significant change in the viscosity of the formulation. The prepared HA hydrogels had a greater rate of permeation as compared with the marketed formulation (FLUCOS GEL, Cosme). From the results of the experiment we can expect a superior onset of therapeutic action.

Chassalia curviflora (Wall Ex Kurz) Thwaites is an important ethno medicinal plant which is yet to be explored pharmacologically. The plant has been used to treat rheumatism, pneumonia, malaria, cough, phlegm, ulcers, snake and insect bite and to treat headache. The plant reported to have anti-hepatotoxic property, anti-hypertensive activity, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activities. It contains important chemical constituents such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phytosteroids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, fixed oils and fats. There is a promising future for this medicinal plant as they are widely distributed around the world, and most of the medical activities are not yet investigated and their hidden potential of medical activities could be decisive in the treatment of present and future studies.

Effective targeted drug delivery system have been possibility to perform the exact function to control the release rates and have a better compliance on the health care system. But the invention of nanosponges has given a importance approach toward solving this problem. Nanosponges contain tiny sponges having size of about a virus and can be filled with variety of drugs. This sponges can circulate throughtout the body until interact with particular target site and stick on surface and start releasing drug in a controlled manner. Based nanosponges proposed nano delivery system and form porous insoluble nanoparticle having crystalline and unformed nature in cyclodextrin nanosponge. Important feature of these sponges is their solubility in aqueous form and give a effect to the drugs with poor solubility.

DILL (Anethum graveloens Linn.) it is a popular herb widely used as a spice. Dill also yields essential oil and has been used in ayurvedic medicines since ancient times. It is an annual aromatic branched herb of apiaceae family, native of south-east Europe and is cultivated commercially in most parts of Europe, particularly The Netherlands, Hungary, Germany, Romania, South Russia, Bulgaria. The Ayurvedic uses of dill seeds are carminative, stomachic and diuretic. The earliest reference to use of dill seeds in medicine goes back to “charak Samhita” (700 BC), an ancient renowned medical treatise on Indian medicinal plant. There are various components of dill seeds and herbs: carvone being the predominant odorant of dill seed and α-phellandrene, limonene, dill ether, myristicin are the most important odorants of dill herb. The main purpose of this review is to understand the significance of Anethum graveleons in ayurvedic medicines and emphasis can also be given to the uses of this medicinal plant.

Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell, commonly known as the water primrose is a broad leaf weed which is extensively grown in Bangladesh, Ceylon and in all parts of India. In the traditional system of medicine, Ludwigia hyssopifolia have been recommended for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, flatulence, jaundice, spitting of blood, leucorrhoea. The plant has also been suggested to possess astringent, anthelmintic, carminative and diuretic actions. Previous phytochemical investigation of plant revealed the presence of flavonoids like vitexin, isovitexin, orietin, Isorietin, alkaloid like piperine and the plant sterol like β-sitosterol. The present review highlights the taxonomical, botanical, phytoconstituents, pharmacological discussion on Ludwigia hyssopifolia.