Background: Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health problem that affects individuals of all ages. Anti-diabetic medications are integral for glycemic control in diabetes. Lack of adherence to drugs can alter blood glucose levels and can lead to treatment failure, accelerated development of complications and increased morbidity, mortality and disability. In Eritrea, adherence to anti-diabetic medication is not well studied so far. Objective: To assess the magnitude of adherence of diabetic patients toward their anti- diabetes medication and associated factors in diabetic clinic of Halibet National Referral Hospital. Method: A Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Asmara Halibet National Referral Hospital diabetic clinic from February 01 to May 31, 2019. Subjects of the study were all diabetic patients 16 years and above and had been on diabetic treatment for not less than a six month. The sample size of this study was 205 determined using Crecy and Morgan formula and convenience non probability sampling was used to select study participants. Data was collected through interview questionnaire assessed using self-report which then, cleaned, coded and entered to excel and exported to SPSS for Windows version 20.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done to determine adherence to anti-diabetic medication and the associated factors. Result: A total of 205 study participants were interviewed with response rate of 100%. The level of adherence was found to be 86.3%. Factors found to be significantly associated with anti-diabetes medication were duration of diabetes (P-value =0.001), Health education about DM and its medications (P-value=0.004), taking multiple medication (P-Value= 0.018), forgetfulness (P-value= 0.000), and monitoring of blood glucose level (p-value= 0.06). Conclusions: Majority of respondents 86.3% in this study were found to be adherent to their anti-diabetic medications. Strategies that further improves anti-diabetic drug availability, provide health education, reduce the intervals of visit for follow-ups on diabetic care and giving explicit information and persistent close family support for those taking multiple medication may help in improving adherence levels among patients with diabetes.

Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease and remains the main public health challenge. In Africa, 15% of the population has hypertension1. According to the data from Health Information Management System (HIMS) of Eritrea the incidence of hypertension in Eritrea was 8305 in 2014. Poor adherence towards antihypertensive medication is the main problem of treatment failure and wastage of health care resource which leads to increased morbidity and mortality rate among hypertensive patients2. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess patient’s adherence level towards antihypertensive medication and their life style modification in Halibet and Hazhaz Hospitals. Methodology: This is Hospital based cross-sectional quantitative study. Sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan formula. The sample size was 360. Sample of 360 was collected by consecutive non probability method by approaching the patients during their follow up time those who fulfill the inclusion criteria. Pilot study was done in Halibet hospital. Morisky medication adherence scale was used to assess medication adherence rate. Data was entered and analyzed using statistics package for social sciences version 20. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The ethical issue was dealt by obtaining a permission letter from the School of Nursing and given to the medical directors of both hospitals. Result: The adherence rate of the respondents towards medication was 69.2%. Among the respondents 71.7% had good adherence towards life style modification. Conclusion: Most of the participants were found to be adherent to their medication and life style modification that is 69.2% and 71.7% respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was negatively associate with medication adherence at p- value=0.004 and 0.002 respectively. Age was significantly associated (p-value=0.000) with adherence to lifestyle modification. Recommendation health education should be given routinely to improve the rate of adherence toward their medication and life style modification by improving patient’s knowledge and perception about hypertension and its consequence.

Inflammation is a healthy process resulting from some disturbance or disease. The signs of inflammation are redness, elevated heat, swelling, pain, loss of function. Inflammation process plays a protective role in our body and in some conditions produces some negative effects such conditions include the inflammatory disorders rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, retinitis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and atherosclerosis. For overcoming this problem, search of newer drugs is very requisite and necessary and there are many of phytoconstituents present in plants which are playing a very important role in the treatment of inflammation. The present study shows some plant phytochemicals which having anti-inflammatory activity that have been tested in vitro inflammatory methods using modern scientific technique.

One-pot reaction for the synthesis of arylidene derivatives of 4, 5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl) thiazol-4(5H)-one (4a-d) involving reaction of 4, 5-dihydropyrazole-1-carbothioamide derivatives (3a-d) with chloroacetic acid and benzaldehyde in the presence of fused sodium acetate in refluxing acetic acid has been described. The synthesized compounds were characterized by microanalytical and spectral methods (MASS, FT-IR, and 1H NMR) and were assessed for the anticancer activity using Sulfo-Rhodamine-B stain assay.

The new series of 5-[(5-{[(E)- (3, 4-substituted-phenyl) methylidene] amino}-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl) methyl]-1, 3-thiazolidine-2, 4-dione (IVa-d) were synthesized by condensation of compound (2, 4-dioxo-1, 3-thiazolidin-5-yl) acetic acid (II) with thiosemicarbazide in phosphorus oxy chloride to afford 5-[(5-amino-1, 3, 4 thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-1, 3-thiazolidine-2, 4-dione (III). Treatment of compound (III) with aromatic aldehydes resulted in the formation of (IVa-d) and treatment of compound III with ethyl benzoate resulted in the formation of (Va-e). The synthesized compounds structure were confirmed using (IR) and (1H-NMR). The target compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activities in comparison with doxorubicin as a reference.