UV, HPLC and HPTLC methods were developed and validated for the quantitative determination of Pitavastatin, is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyses the first step of cholesterol synthesis. Chromatography was carried out by isocratic technique on reversed phase Lichrospher®100, C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5µm) with mobile phase consisting of Methanol: Phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 5.0) (85:15 v/v) at flow rate 1mL/min. By using stationary phase precoated Silica Gel 60 F254 TLC Plate using mobile phase Toluene: Methanol, 8:2 v/v TLC was carried out. The UV spectrophotometric determination was performed at 244nm using solvent methanol. According to ICH Q2-(R1) guidelines the proposed methods were validated. The linearity range for Pitavastatin was 5-50µg/mL for HPLC, 50-400ηg/band for HPTLC and 10-60µg/mL for UV method. These methods were accurate and precise with recoveries in the range of 99.50-101.45 and relative standard deviation < 2%. The developed methods were successfully applied for determination of Pitavastatin in tablets.

High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a sophisticated instrumental technique based on the full capabilities of thin layer chromatography. This paper provides information regarding HPTLC-based analytical method development and evaluation of validation characteristics in accordance with related issues such as development of thin- layer chromatography, basic principle, protocol, resolution, validation process, recent developments, separation of elements and modifications on TLC leading to the HPTLC, optimization, process control, automation, and hyphenation. It says that HPTLC has stronger potentials over another method. As a result it meets standards comparable with alternative chromatographic techniques with specific aim to avoid confusion and methodological failure. The poor performance to the method development may be caused by systematic and scientific approach for the selection of separation mode, stationary phase and mobile phase not taken into the thought. The poor method validation may be caused by incomplete validation guidelines which are not fully understood.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and ex-vivo antispasmodic activity of extract of Psidium cattleianum Sabine leaves in Wistar albino rats. The in-vivo hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of P. cattleianum (HAEPC) was screened by hepatotoxicity was induced by Carbon tetrachloride (0.1ml/kg b.wt with CMC (1:1), i.p) in Wistar albino rats. The study duration was 14 days. Silymarin (100mg/kg b.wt p.o) was used as the standard. The effects of HAEPC were evaluated at doses of 200 and 400mg/kg. Ex-vivo antispasmodic activity also performed on excised rat ileum in which Atropine was used as standard. In in-vivo study, there is a significant increase in the serum parameters such as SGPT, SGOT, ALP and total bilirubin were seen in rats treated with Carbon tetrachloride (0.1ml/kg/day) in negative control when compared with normal control. The increased levels of these parameters were significantly reduced in groups treated with different doses of extracts (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg). CCl4 induced liver damage is associated with the increased levels of lipid peroxidation which is significantly reduced in case of hydro alcoholic extract of Psidium cattleianum Sabine leaves treated rats. The catalase, glutathione peroxidase levels are elevated by administration of hydro alcoholic extract of Psidium cattleianum Sabine leaves. The extract also showed an antispasmodic activity on excised rat ileum with increasing concentration. Results obtained suggests that the hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium cattleianum Sabine leaves exhibits a significant hepatoprotective activity in a dose dependent manner and also possess an antispasmodic activity with increasing concentration.

Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. Commonly known as broad leaf button weed is an important ethnobotanical plant belonging to the Rubiaceae family which is having a lot of medicinal properties. Traditionally it has been used for the treatment of malaria, boils and other skin diseases. The plant has been reported to have antimicrobial, larvicidal, cytotoxic and anti-diabetic activity. A few phytochemical studies on this plant revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, iridoids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds. It consists of pharmacologically important phytochemical constituents like ursolic acid, stigmasterol, and β sitosterol. This review involves all the updated information on the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of Spermacoce latifolia Aubl.

The present study evaluates the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of Psidium cattleianum Sabine leaves extracts on Streptozotocin and Dexamethasone induced type 2 diabetic rats. In STZ induced study, β-cell destruction is caused by single i.p. injection of Streptozotocin 40mg/kg for 28 days using Glibenclamide 5mg/kg as standard. In the second study, insulin resistance is induced by s.c. injection of dexamethasone 10mg/kg for a period of 11 days using Metformin 50mg/kg as standard. In both the studies the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential of HAEPC were evaluated at doses of 200 and 400mg/kg by analysing body weight, blood glucose level and serum lipid profiles. The effect of HAEPC on peripheral glucose uptake is studied by using isolated rat diaphragm. The extracts exhibited significant anti-diabetic as well as hypolipidemic effects by lowering FBS, TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL levels but also with elevation of HDL level. Potent hypoglycemic activity was observed with 400mg/kg extract. Histopathological study on pancreatic tissues showed severe degeneration of β-cells in the STZ induced diabetic groups whereas regeneration of β-cells were observed in extract treated groups.

Synthesis of a new monomer was having flexible keto-ether linkages which are the essential criteria for the process ability of polymer. A new dihyrazide i.e. bis 4 (4 -benzoyl phenoxy) benzoic acid hydrazide (BPBH) was synthesized by using p-hydroxy benzhydrazide with 4, 4´-diflourobenzophenone in the presence of K2CO3 as a dehydrating agent by azeotropic distillation. Synthesized monomer was characterized by FT-IR, NMR spectroscopic techniques. Dihydrazide was soluble in polar aprotic solvent.

Background: Parenting a mentally retarded child is not an easy task. Parents especially mothers need every help and encouragement possible in their difficult task. Psychological Stress refers to “pressures on an individual that are in some way perceived as excessive or intolerable, and also to the psychological and physical changes.” The child’s condition can range from mild to profound; the mother's stability and ability to handle problems can range from weak to strong. Objective: To assess the Stress level among mothers of mentally challenged children in Coimbatore. Methods: A descriptive research design was adopted in this study to assess the level of Stress among Mothers of Mentally Challenged Children by using convenient sampling technique. Results: About 44% of the mothers had mild level of stress, 42.4% of the mothers had moderate level of stress, 11.5% of the mothers had severe level of stress and about 2% of the mothers had very severe level of stress. Conclusion: The relationship between stress level and demographic variables of mothers of mentally challenged children, education, type of family, no. of children, and age of affected children and gender of affected children are positively correlated and other demographic variables are negatively correlated.

Phytochemical profiling of the crude extract from the roots of Centella asiatica L. was carried out according to HPTLC analysis method. Phytochemicals found in the extracts were identified as asiaticacid. These crude root extracts of Thakuni, Centella asiatica L., was further investigated for its anti-mosquito potential as larvicidal Aedesaegypti, the vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever. The ethanol-extracted phytochemicals from the roots of Centella asiatica possessed larvicidal activity against fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti with LD50 and LD95 values of 140.0 and 200.0 mg/L, respectively. The abnormal movement observed in treated larvae indicated that the toxic effect of Centella asiatica extract was probably on the nervous system. Centella asiatica root extracts, thus was found with potential larvicidal activity against the fourthinstar larvae of Ae. Aegypti and further can be considered as a probable source of some biologically active compounds used in the development of mosquito control agents, particularly larvicidal products.

The current work is carried out to for estimation of Lansoprazole in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form by utilizing area under curve (AUC) method. For this purpose the wavelength range 250-290nm was selected. Distilled water was used as a solvent throughout the work. Linearity was observed in concentration range 2-12µg/ml (r2 =0.999) for the method. Recovery studies for area under curve were found to be 99.32%. The method developed was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, and LOQ as per ICH guidelines1. The present method was found to be simple, linear, precise, accurate and sensitive which can be used for routine quality control analysis for spectrophotometric estimation of Lansoprazole in bulk and dosage form.

The objective of the study was to analyse the phytochemicals present in the methanolic extract of Caulerpa mexicana Sonder ex Kuetzing. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of methanol extract was carried out using the standard procedure, followed by the characterization was carried out by the use of FTIR and HPLC. The preliminary phytochemical study showed the presence of alkaloids, emodines, tannins, flavonoids, quinones, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinone, terpenoids, phlobatannins, coumarins, steroids and triterpenoids. The FTIR spectrum showed different peaks at 606.57, 750.26, 889.12, 1105.14, 1400.22, 1459.05, 1543.91, 1638.42, 1743.53, 2850.59, 2919.06, 3129.29, 3162.08 and 3446.56cm-1. It was confirmed the presence of functional groups such as sulfones, phenols, benzene ring in aromatic compounds, aromatic and aliphatic compounds etc. The qualitative HPLC fingerprint profile displayed four compounds at different retention time of 1.133min 2.037min, 2.193min and 2.650min. The profile showed three prominent peaks at the retention time of 2.037min, 2.193min, 2.650min and one moderate peak at 1.133min.