In the present study and followed by conventional method, an efficient and design synthesis a novel series of 5-Amino-1, 3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives. These derivatives can be obtained by Phenyl hydrazine, aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile in presence of base catalyst Ph₃P in ethanol as a solvent at reflux. All the newly obtained derivatives were evaluated by the advanced spectroscopic analysis such as ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR and LCMS and structural determination of titled analogous were calculated by elemental analysis. In addition to the newly synthesised compounds were examined by their anti-microbial activity.

In the present study and followed by conventional method, an efficient and design synthesis a novel series of 5-amino-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives. These derivatives can be obtained by substituted aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of Lews acid catalyst ceric ammonium sulphate in isopropyl alcohol as a solvent at reflux. All the titled analogous were evaluated by the advanced spectroscopic analysis such as ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR and LCMS and structural determination of titled analogous were calculated by elemental analysis. In addition to the newly synthesized compounds were examined by their anti-microbial activity.

A simple sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of cerium (IV) involving ion-pair complexation. It starts with the introduction to cerium, literature survey regarding the various methods reported for cerium including spectrophotometric methods. In this method, cerium (IV) oxidizes catechol to quinone, which is quite reactive and can be attracted by a variety of nucleophiles, which prompted to use p-anisidine to attack the quinone formed via the oxidation of catechol by cerium (IV) in acidic medium producing coloured compound having maximum absorbance at 565nm and stabilized through an ion-pair formation with [Ce(OH₂)₂Cl₄]. The method obeys the Lambert – Beer’s law in the range 1.732-173.285mg ml^-1 with a straight line having slope 0.0020 and intercept 0.0594. Molar absorptivity, correlation coefficient and Sandell’s sensitivity values were calculated and found to be 2.77 x 10³Lmol^-1cm^-1, 0.992 and 0.0505mgcm^-2 respectively.A probable reaction mechanism along with experimental stoichiometry of the ion-pair are indicated. The proposed method was applied for the determination of cerium in high purity rare earth carbonates and synthetic mixtures.

Diabetes is a major global health issue, affecting public health and economic development. While some countries have seen a drop in new cases, diabetes has become more common in many other places^1-3. In 2017, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that 451 million adults had diabetes, and this number could rise to 693 million by 2045 without effective prevention. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are also increasing among children and teens, with over one million under 20 now having type 1 diabetes⁴. The prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents has also increased, and the estimates of children and adolescents below age 20 with Type 1 Diabetes now exceed one million⁵. Glucokinase (GK or hexokinase IV) as the glucose sensor plays a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis¹. Glucokinase (GK) is important for managing blood sugar levels. In the pancreas, it helps control insulin release, and in the liver, it helps store sugar and clear it from the blood after eating. Roche’s early success in activating GK suggested it could be a new treatment for type 2 diabetes, leading to a lot of interest in GK activators (GKAs). However, research on how GKAs work has been limited. Early failures in developing GKAs have led researchers to revisit basic questions about GK activation to find long-term benefits for type 2 diabetes patients³.

Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health problem with increasing incidence and long-term complications. It results from insulin deficiency, resistance, or both, leading to high blood sugar levels and various metabolic disorders. One strategy to manage this is by activating glucokinase (GK) to enhance glucose use in muscles and insulin release from the pancreas. Researchers are testing quinazoline-based compounds to activate GK. In silico studies showed that several designed ligands could successfully bind and activate GK, suggesting potential for further development and clinical application.