In pharmaceutical industries the pharmaceutical waste management is an important part. Wastes are the unwanted materials which can no longer be used in the manufacturing processes that can eventually turn into hazardous or non-hazardous material, to humans/environment. Because of the dangers, pharmaceutical waste cannot be disposed of and requires special handling, whether it may come from a hospital, clinic, pharmacy, or private household. Pharmaceutical wastes may be in different forms mainly as strips, expired products, manufacturing wastes etc. Different regulatory bodies are participating to prevent pharmaceutical pollutions such as environmental protection organizations, law enforcement agencies, waste management agencies and governmental agencies. In this paper we include types of pharmaceutical wastes, regulatory bodies which are primarily involved in waste management and waste management strategies and principally the effective methods for the management and disposal of pharmaceutical wastes. It is necessary to understand the specific hazards of the waste product in order to safely handle and dispose of waste and the ability of a given disposal technique to manage them. Proper patient counselling on safe medication disposal can make a significant difference to public health and the environment.

A series of novel benzimidazole derivatives 4a-c were obtained by two-step synthesis from various substituted benzenethiol with N-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) methyl)-4-chloroaniline. All the Synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The Synthesized compounds were further studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the Becke3 Lee Yang Par level with 6-311G (d, p) basis set. The frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) were computed to determine the distribution of charge density and possible site for electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-fungal and antibacterial activities using serial dilution and agar diffusion methods respectively. A molecular docking study has supported the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds.

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of solid lipid nanoparticles as a delivery system to enhance the brain targeting efficiency of Bromocriptine mesylate following intranasal administration for Parkinson’s disease. The drug loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by high speed homogenization. These nanoparticles had the highest entrapment efficiency of 72.45%, a mean particle size (167.52nm) and zeta potential (-22.8mV). The Intranasal nanogel was prepared by using 32 factorial design. The prepared formulations were evaluated for clarity, pH, viscosity, mucoadhesive strength, gel strength, drug content, in-vitro drug release, permeation study and stability studies. Formulation batch F9 was selected as optimized on the basis of evaluations. The results of stability studies show that the formulation was stable at accelerated temperature condition (40oC± 2oC, 75% RH ± 5%).

Phytochemical compounds are important chemical source of nutrition naturally occurring in most of the plants specifically medicinal plants. These chemical compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, terpenoids, phenols, and many more contain antimicrobial properties against variety of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. The present research study is based on the phytochemical analysis of four selected medicinal plants of Rajasthan state including Catharanthus roseus, Calotropis procera, Ocimum sanctum, and Nerium indicum. Leaves, stem, and flowers of selected medicinal plants were washed, dried, and powdered for extraction process. The plant extracts were prepared in different solvents including aqueous, ethanol, and methanol. Phytochemical analysis of all the plant parts prepared in selected three solvents was conducted. The objective of this research was to screen the various phytochemicals present in the medicinal plants known for antimicrobial properties. The medicinal plants showed the presence of several important chemical compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols in most of the plant extracts. Phytochemicals are known for curing various plant diseases and hence could play an important role in agriculture and crop protection.

Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC) Haw. Belonging to the family Cactaceae is one of the most cultivated species in the genus. It is a variety of night blooming cereus with several traditional medicinal uses. The plant is traditionally found to be useful for many ailments like cough, uterine bleeding, shortness of breath, neutralizing blood clot, pain, and to treat bloody phlegm. The plant has been reported to possess different classes of compounds mainly Glycosides, Saponins, Steroids, Phenols, Proteins, Resins, Tannins and Terpenoids. Few pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial activity have been reported for this plant. The present review includes updated information on pharmacognostic, nutritional and medicinal values of Epiphyllum oxypetalum.

Teneligliptin is a type 2 diabetic drug used for Diabetes HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes_mellitus" mellitus. And it is also belongs to the class of anti-diabetic drugs known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or commonly known as "gliptins". A simple, sensitive and accurate RP-HPLC method has been developed for the determination of Teneligliptin in bulk formulation. The λmax of the drug was found to be 246nm in mobile phase containing Methanol: Phosphate buffer pH 3[70:30(v/v)]. The method shows high sensitivity with linearity 10 to 50µg/ml (regression equation: y = 54647x - 74133; r2 = 0.9968). The various parameters according to ICH guidelines are followed for validating and testing of this method. The Detection limit and quantitation limit were found to be 0.109µg ml –1 and 0.3305µg ml-1 in Methanol: Phosphate buffer pH 3[70:30 (v/v)] respectively. The % purity of tablet formulation was found to be 99.57%. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, specific and reproducible (RSD < 2%), and also being simple, cheap and less time consuming and appropriate for the determination of Teneligliptin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation.

Objective: Objective of the present analytical research work was to develop and validate Spectrophotometric method and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic method (UPLC Method) for the Bosentan bulk and tablets dosage form. Methods: A spectrophotometric method and a UPLC method have been developed and validated for estimation of BST in pharmaceutical oral dosage form. Method A (UV spectrometry Method): The stock and working standard solutions of the drugs were prepared in methanol. Standard solutions were scanned over the range of 400-200nm in spectrum mode of spectrophotometer at medium scanning speed using UV spectrophotometer. The maximum absorbance for Bosentan was found at 269nm. Method B (UPLC Method): The UPLC Method for Bosentan was developed using UPLC Acquity BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm × 1.7 µm), as stationary particle, isocratic mode. ACN: Water (80:20v/v) as mobile phase. Mobile phase was maintained data flow rate of 0.3ml/min and detection was carried out at 273nm. Both the methods were validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. Results: Bosentan was found to be linear in the concentration range of 10-30µg/ml for spectrophotometric method and10-50µg/ml for UPLC method. Retention time was found to be 3.7min for Bosentan. The amount of Bosentan in marketed formulation by spectrophotometric method was found to be 100.0%, the amount of Bosentan in marketed formulation by UPLC method was found to be 99.99%. Interpretation and Conclusion: Results of assay and validation study were found to be satisfactory. So, the methods can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of Bosentan.

Metformin HCL is a biguanide antihypoglcemic agent used for treating non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It improves glycemic control by decreasing hepatic glucose production, decreasing glucose absorption and increasing insulin mediated glucose uptake. Fast dissolving tablets of Metformin HCL were prepared by sublimation method with a view to enhance patient compliance. Tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The objective of present research work was to prepare fast dissolving tablets of Metformin HCL using varying concentrations of three different sublimating agents to improve the dissolution rate. Six formulations were prepared containing different concentrations of Camphor, as sublimating agent along with Sodium Starch Glycolate and Crosscarmallose Sodium as a superdisintegrant. The blend was evaluated for Angle of repose, Bulk density, Tapped density, Compressibility index and Hausners ratio. The tablets were examined for hardness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution rate, drug content.

A series of some Neomycin derivatives were efficiently synthesized by react with Di-tert butyl dicarbonate (Boc), Triethylamine and methanol. This work aim is to synthesis some new potent antibacterial compounds of neomycin. The GLIDE score were obtained by using GLIDE module (version 9.1, Schrodinger, LLC, New York, 2010). We have designed and synthesis 20 compounds and docked with protein 4B3R (crystal structure of 30s ribosome of thermos thermophilus). Compound SP2, SP3 and SP9 have best Glide score as comparably Neomycin. In-vitro antibacterial evaluation of all synthesized compound (SP1-SP20) were performed by cup borer and well diffusion assay method. The compound SP3 shows good zone of inhibition, IC50 value 12.33mg/ml as compared to neomycin as standard. The characterizations of synthesized compounds were performed by TLC, Melting point and various spectroscopic techniques.

Aim of the study: The aim of this research was to investigate the phytochemical profile, isolate the phytoconsitutuents, Characterised and evaluation of Anti Parkinson activity of ethanolic extract of Indian Medicinal plant of H. Pentandra. Materials and methods: Qualitative phytochemical analysis for their phytoconstituents. Ethanol was used to extract the crude bio active compound from whole H. Pentandra plant. Phenolic derivative were isolated from the ethanolic extract of H. Pentandra by using suitable solvent system and characterised by IR, NMR, MASS spectrophotometric method. The total Neuroprotective activity of H. Pentandra extract were measured by haloperidol induced experimental animal models. Result: Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed phenolic compounds, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Carbohydrates and Tannins were in high amounts. The isolated compound Phenolic derivative showed various region from IR, NMR and MASS the functional groups, mass of the molecule and proton were analysed and confirmed. In-vivo behavioral parameters like catalepsy, muscle rigidity and locomotor activity and the effects on neurochemical parameters in rats were studied using 200 and 400mg/kg, p.o doses of H. Pentandra. The increased haloperidol-induced cataleptic scores were significantly (p<0.01) found to be reduced, with EEHP at dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg (ip). EEHP administration showed significant increase in dopamine level and significant reduced in serotonin and L-glutamate level. Daily administration of EEHP (400mg/kg) significantly improved motor performance. Conclusion: Overall results the study proved that H. Pentandra possessed potential components involving in anti -Parkinson treatment significantly attenuated the motor defects and also increased the neuro chemical dopamine level.