Background: A Schiff base, a pharmacologically privileged scaffold and a nitrogen analog of an aldehyde or ketone in which the C=O group is replaced by C=N-R group. Mutual prodrug is a Carrier linked Prodrug consist of two pharmacologically active substances together in a single moiety. Objective: The goal of the study is to synthesize combined form of the various Schiff’s bases with Piroxicam for enhanced biological and pharmacological activity. Methods: Various conventional as well as green methods are incorporated for synthesis of Schiff’s bases whereas; simple shaking method is adapted for mutual prodrug synthesis. Biological evaluation was done according to literature. Results and conclusion: Besides Piroxicam’s important pharmacological activities, it possesses severe side effects due to certain functional groups present in it. Thus, Derivatization method was incorporated to shun the side effects of the drug by synthesizing its Mutual prod rugs with Schiff bases having additional antibacterial activity.

In the present study antimicrobial activity of two lichen extracts, namely; Ramalina pacifica and Roccella montagnei against four bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and four fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Aspergillus flavus, and Alternaria solani) was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The results revealed that, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of R. pacifica were effective in inhibiting the growth of B. substillis and S. aureus and ethyl acetate extract of R. montagnei exihibited good zone of inhibition against the E. coli and S. aureus. Ethyl acetate extract of both R. montagnei and R. pacifica showed good antifungal potential against the F. moniliforme compared to control. These results cleary showed that ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of the R. pacifica and R. montagnei proved be best against test pathogens which was on par with synthetic chemicals and can be use as a broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agents.

The volatile oil of fresh leaves of Callistemon lanceolatus D.C. of Nepalese origin was hydro distilled and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. A total numbers of thirty eight phytoconstituents were revealed but only thirty five phytoconstituents were identified and representing 95.1% of total oil composition. The major phytoconstituents present in the oil sample were 1, 8-cineole (40.53%), α-pinene (10.87%), α-terpineol (7.69%), linalool (3.36%), 4-carene (3.26%), flavesone (3.24%), geraniol (3.16%), β-pinene (2.84%) and other minor phytoconstituents were a complex mixture of different chemical compounds with very less in the concentration. This volatile oil was found to be moderately cytotoxic against brine shrimps (Artemia salina) nauplii due to its LC50 value of 146.60µg/ml.

Heavy metals adsorption on biomass being a physicochemical process involves three factors that play a vital role related to, the adsorption system, the type of metal and type of adsorbent. The mercury emitted from volcanoes, geothermal sources and topsoil enriched in mercury pertains to primary natural sources. Anthropological activities break the natural mercury cycle, and significantly increase the release of mercury into the environment thus enhancing elevated mercury concentrations in the water, the sediment, and fish. All forms of mercury play a key role in damaging/altering the tertiary and quaternary protein structure and alters the cellular function by attaching to the selenohydryl and sulfhydryl groups due to high affinity (-SH,-SeH) as known from their high stability constants. The amount of the Hg 2+ removed at a lower acidic pH is comparatively less than the amount of the metal ion removed at a higher acidic pH.

Medicinal plants are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals or bionutrients. Studies have shown that these phytochemicals have an important role in preventing chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes and coronary heart diseases. The present study was conducted for the photochemical analysis of different solvent extracts from rhizomes of Arisaema utile plant. Phytochemical analysis of the different solvent extracted samples suggested the presence or absence of various metabolites including steroids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and fats in varying concentrations. The present study provides evidence that solvent extracts of Arisaema utile contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases.