Acinetobacter baumanniiis a vital opportunistic pathogen to high virulence which is responsible for severe nosocomial infections. These species of the bacterium, particularly multi-drug resistant strains has been involved as the cause of serious infectious disease in various parts of the hospitals. Therefore, the treatment of such infections due to their broad resistance to different antibiotics is difficult. Additionally, since environmental factors and the several patterns of antimicrobial agents play an important role in the creation and expansion of these strains in different parts of the world, in the present study, the antibiogram of multi-drug resistant species of Acinetobacter from clinical samples was performed. The strains were identified on the basis of cultural, morphological characterizations, by 16s rRNA gene sequencing and VITEK-2 analysis. After identifying the organism up to species level, in order to determine the sensitivity of these isolates of Acinetobacter to 13 antibiotics, standard methods according to CLSI guidelines were performed. In the present study, resistance to three or more of three classes of antibiotics was considered as multidrug resistance was defined. In this study, total 60 Acinetobacter species and strains were isolated from patients. Of which, the antibiogram of two strains of Acinetobacter Viz. Acinetobacter baumannii MJ-142 and Acinetobacter baumannii MJ-143 was shown. Isolates of Acinetobacter showed the highest resistance to almost all the antibiotics used in the present study Viz. Meropenem (10µg), Cefepime (30µg), Amoxycillin (10µg), Gentamicin (10µg), Nitrofurantoin (300µg), Nalidixic acid (30µg), Tigecycline (15µg), Ampicillin (10µg), Imipenem (10µg), Amikacin (30µg), Ertapenem (10µg), Colistin (10µg) and Piperacillin (100µg). Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacters are growing and considered as a chief threat for hospitalized patients, as a result change in the consumption patterns of antibiotics and the control of hospital infections appears to be necessary.

Recent advances in formulation development aims to enhance the safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for ease of administration and to achieve better patient compliance. In recent decades, there have been numerous attempts to overcome the barriers like poorly soluble drugsand bioavailability. A number of techniques can be adapted to enhance solubilization of poor water soluble drug and further to improve its dissolution and bioavailability. Solubility is the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation to be shown pharmacological response. Solubility and permeabilityis essential for the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug, poorly soluble drugs are often a challenging task for formulators in the industry conventional approaches for enhancement of solubility have limited suitability, especially when the drugs are poorly soluble simultaneously in aqueous and in non-aqueous media. Now nearly 40% of the new chemical entities (NCES) and about 90% of the drugs in development are identified by pharmaceutical industry screening programs have failed to be developed because of poor water-solubility, which form their formulation development difficult or even impossible. The purpose of writing this review on solubility enhancementof poorly soluble drugs, dissolutionand bioavailabilitywas to triggered the attention towards solubility, need to improve solubility factors affecting drug solubility enhancement and bioavailability.

An analytical method has been developed and validated for estimation of citicoline sodium in pharmaceutical dosage form (tablet) by RP-HPLC. The chromatography was carried out isocratically by a BDS Hypersil C18 column (250 x 4.6mm, 5μm) with a mixture of buffer (Potassium di hydrogen phosphate and Tetra butyl ammonium hydroxide): Methanol in the ratio of 95:05 v/v as mobile phase.

Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL)is gaining popularity as a complementary medicine for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi is said to have anti-osteoporotic properties by correcting liver and kidney deficits and decreasing lower back pain. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi improves bone metabolism and quality in ovariectomized, growing, elderly, and diabetic rats via regulating signalling pathways, according to evidence from animal and cell research. This plant has yielded more than a hundred different chemicals.The effects of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on bone oxidative stress and turnover indicators in diabetic rats are investigated in this study. Over an 8-week period, diabetic Sprague Dawley rats (n=6) were given one of three treatments through gavage: Saline (control), metformin (1000mg/kg bw), or Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (700mg/kg bw). As a normal control group, a healthy rat group was used. ELISA assays were used to detect insulin, oxidative stress, and bone turnover indicators in the blood. Fructus Ligustri Luciditreatment substantially increased insulin and osteocalcin levels in diabetic rats compared to diabetic control rats. By increasing osteogenesis and decreasing bone oxidative stress, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi may be able to prevent diabetic osteoporosis. These data support the use of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi as an osteoporosis treatment in diabetics. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi offers a novel approach to the prevention and treatment of diabetic osteoporosis. More scientific data on its bone protective benefits and safety is expected from well designed clinical studies.

Osteoporosis is a condition marked by a loss of bone mass and degradation of the bone microstructure, both of which lead to increased fragility and consequent fragility fractures, particularly in the elderly. Rhizoma Drynariae Extract (RDE) is one of the most often used herbal remedies for osteoporosis therapy. The goal of this study is to see how Rhizoma Drynariae Extract affects diabetic osteoporosis. Diabetic Sprague Dawley rats (n=6) were administered one of three treatments through gavage for eight weeks: saline (control), metformin (1000mg/kg/day), or Rhizoma Drynariae Extract (100mg/kg/day). In comparison to the control group, Rhizoma Drynariae Extract treatment enhanced fatty acid profile and bone development. The use of DRE cataplasm in the treatment of osteoporosis may be beneficial.