The aim of this work is to perform phytochemical screening and evaluation of the free radical scavenging capacity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Parinari macrophylla Sabine traditionally used in the management of diabetes in Senegal. Phytochemical characterization tests based on coloured and precipitation reactions revealed mainly phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones. Specific reagents also revealed on TLC other types of compounds such as reducing sugars, sterols and saponins. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were used for evaluation of free radical scavenging capacity and all results were expressed in μmol of trolox equivalent per gram of dry extract. The results of the evaluation of the free radical scavenging capacity showed a higher activity in TEAC for the aqueous barks extract (7832 ± 7µmol TE/g dry extract) and a higher activity in ORAC for the aqueous leaves extract (5961 ± 14µmol TE/g dry extract).

Herbal oils are made for giving relief from pain and discomfort by using beneficiary contents of natural herbs available. These herbs give a more patient compliance because many people prefer traditional measures over modern for pain relief. Many ‘Ayurvedic granthas’ explains role of Mahanarayana oil in the development of muscle tone, this oil has to be applied topically and it does not give irritating effect. Soham Ayurved Rasashala also works on the principles paved by ancient granthas. Mahanarayana oil consists of ten different herbs in extracted form with use of sesame oil as base. Key constituent amongst ten herbs ’Shatavari’ (Asperagus racemosus) is the premier. Along with herbs sesame oil has its lone benefit of moisturizing skin therefore together they give synergistic effect on paining area as well as skin nourishment. This article showcases two formulae’s of preparation which includes sesame oil as base.

The wide spread use of antibiotics in hospitals has led to emergence of multidrug resistant organisms of low virulence like Klebsiella causing serious opportunistic infections. The purpose of this study was to know prevalence of antibiotic resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical isolates from patients admitted to hospital in Barshi town. Mechanism of antibiotic resistance developed by Klebsiella pneumoniae was to be detected. A total of 10 strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae were selected for the study, 55(53.92%) of which were resistant to at least one of third generation cephalosporins. They were studied for antibiotic resistant and mechanism of antibiotic resistance by VITEK-2 machine. All the clinical isolates were isolated from clinical samples urine, pus, sputum, BAL, Blood, catheter and swabs. Antibiotic resistant of 310 Klebsiella pneumoniae cultures found were Wild (14); ESBL positive (288); ACQ PASE (15); ESBL CTX-M like (106); ESBL OXA-30 like (2); Carbapenemase (Metallo or KPC ) (75); Resistast Cephalosporinase (AmpC) (49); ACQ Penicillinase (20); Inhibitor resistant PASE (IRT or OXA) (8); SHV1 Hyper production (9); Acq. Cephalosporinase except ACC-1 (36) and Penicillinase (9). Antibiotic resistant studied for antibiotics,  Ampicillin, Ticaracilline, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin, Cefazolin, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Aztreonam, Doripenem, Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Tigecycline, Nitrofurantoin and Colistin was carried out using VITEK-2. Antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella spp. were studied by MIC and using HI media antibiotic discs.

Given that type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic condition with unfavourable effects on bone metabolism, the effect of anti-diabetic drugs on bone metabolism has gotten a lot of attention. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (canagliflozin) are new anti-diabetic drugs that block glucose resorption in the kidney's proximal convoluted tubules, resulting in increased urine glucose excretion and lower blood glucose levels. The superiority of SGLT2 inhibitors is demonstrated in the reduction of glucose levels independent of insulin secretion, the reduction of hypoglycemia risk and the improvement of cardiovascular outcomes. SGLT2 inhibitors have been linked to genital mycotic infections, dehydration, orthostatic hypotension and ketoacidosis, as well as an elevated risk of acute renal injury. Furthermore, the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on bone metabolism and fracture risk has been extensively studied. The goal of this study was to see if geraniin could help prevent canagliflozin-induced bone loss. For diabetes induction, streptozotocin was used. For eight weeks, diabetic rats were given either canagliflozin (40mg/kg) or geraniin (40mg/kg) alone or in combination. At the end of the experiment, BMD of the femur and lumbar vertebrae was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Glycoslyted Haemoglobin serum and serum glucose were also examined. Canagliflozin and geraniin, both alone and in combination, dramatically lowered high blood glucose levels. When compared to the positive control, canagliflozin therapy dramatically reduced HBA1C levels. The combination of geraniin and canagliflozin reduced blood glucose and HBA1C levels considerably. Canagliflozin had negative effects on BMD in the femur and lumbar vertebrae, while geraniin therapy significantly improved these effects. This study suggests that geraniin supplementation in diabetic patients using canagliflozin could be an appropriate method for reducing canagliflozin-induced bone loss.

Tannin was isolated from Palas gum. The precipitated tannin was extracted with alcohol, which was confirmed by calculating the tannin as Tannic Acid Equivalent. The beneficial effect of adding β-glucan to it was examined in light of the known wound healing effects of Palas tannin on test animals (albino wistar rat) in the literature. The wound healing abilities of Palas tannin + β-glucan were studied in depth on two groups of animals utilizing the excision and incision wound models. In comparison to the usual control group, the tannin + β-glucan showed substantial wound healing activity, according to the study.